Virginia Commercial Applicator Turf Category 3B Practice Test

These questions are part of the practice quiz. Start practicing

• Which term describes the visible, recognizable part of a disease-causing organism, such as fungal spores or mycelia?
• Which term describes a living thing you do not wish to affect by pesticide use?
• Which term would you use for any living thing, including animals, plants, fungi, and microorganisms?
• A hand-pumped sprayer carried on the back of the operator, used for small areas and spot treatments, is called what?
• Which plant tissue is responsible for transporting sugars from the leaves to other parts of the plant?
• Which term is defined as the drying of plant material?
• A plant variety developed and maintained through selective breeding is known as a what?
• Which organism feeds on decaying organic matter?
• A plant growing where it is not wanted is called what?
• The ability of a plant to withstand infection by a pest is called what?
• A plant showing the symptoms of chlorosis is described as:
• Carbohydrates are energy-containing compounds produced by photosynthesis; which term describes these compounds?
• Which term refers to natural enemies that help manage pests?
• Which term describes an organism that can cause disease?
• Which term would you use to describe materials added to soil to improve drainage?
• What term describes a material containing a disease-producing organism or its spores?
• In the context of pest resistance, total resistance is equivalent to which term?
• In grasses, the blade is the upper part of the leaf separated from the sheath by the collar and the ligule. Which part is the blade?
• What is an area of infected (diseased, dying, or dead) tissues on a plant part?
• The opening in a sprayer nozzle that regulates the flow is known as what?
• What is the immature stage of an insect with gradual metamorphosis?
• What is the plural form of the simple organism described as lacking chlorophyll?
• Which sprayer type commonly includes mechanical agitators to keep the pesticide mixture from settling or separating?
• In spray equipment, what component can be built into the device or replaced to change spray pattern and flow rate?
• Which term describes the horizontal movement of water across a surface that can transport pesticide?
• Which term refers to a disease that can invade vascular tissue and spread throughout all parts of a plant?
• All the symptoms that characterize a disease are collectively called a ...
• Which of the following is a principal cool-season turfgrass species listed?
• A modified stem that creeps horizontally along the soil surface is called a ...
• Using a barrier to keep a pest out of a specific area is best described by which term?
• In grasses, what is the process of producing shoots called?
• Which term describes the downward movement of a pesticide through soil due to gravity and water movement?
• Devices and clothing used to protect people from pesticides are called what?
• What feature provides protection and support in arthropods and is jointed to allow movement?
• In woody plants, a sheath or layer just under the bark where new layers of cells are formed is called the:
• A small projection from a parasitic fungus or plant that penetrates the host and absorbs food is a
• What term describes the plant tissue directly involved in photosynthesis and gas exchange, often used to describe the leaves?
• Which herbicide type translocates throughout the plant?
• What term describes the process of assessing the size and distribution of a pest population in an area?
• The binomial Latin name assigned to an organism is its what?
• A plant that lives for two growing seasons is called what?
• Which tissue is located in the inner bark and transports sugars?
• Which term describes turf health issues caused by living organisms such as fungi and bacteria?
• The width of the sprayed path in one pass is referred to as what?
• A plant with two seed leaves (cotyledons) and typically broad, net-veined leaves is classified as which type?
• Which describes a dry pesticide formulation mixed with a solid carrier like talc and used as ready-to-use granules?
• What term describes a measure of a substance's ability to cause acute, delayed, or allergic effects?
• The protective leaf layer that reduces water loss is called the?
• Which term describes an organism's progression through developmental stages, where form and habits may change?
• Which term refers to a plant category characterized by two seed leaves (cotyledons)?
• Which term is exemplified by the practice of removing food sources and hiding places and includes disinfecting tools and sterilizing soil?
• Which term means beautiful or in good taste?
• What is the plural form of Pupa?
• A pest population so large that it is harmful or unpleasant is an
• A fungicide that affects only the portions of a plant that are sprayed is called what?
• Any substance used to control or repel a pest, or to reduce the harmful effects of a pest is known as a
• Leaves arranged singly along the stem, one leaf per node are called?
• What term describes nonliving factors affecting plant health, such as environmental stress or chemical exposure?
• Which term refers to living elements of an ecosystem?
• What term describes the portion of a pesticide that remains in the environment or on a surface after application or spill?
• What is the stage called between the larva and the adult in complete metamorphosis?
• Which pest management system uses all appropriate pest control strategies to reduce pest populations to an acceptable level and uses an ecological approach to pest management?
• Injury or damage to a sensitive plant caused by chemical exposure is termed
• The larval stage of a butterfly or moth is called the:
• An organism that feeds on decaying plant or animal matter is called what?
• Which term denotes the base structure of a perennial grass that remains after above-ground growth dies back?
• What term describes physical, chemical, or biological factors that have a negative impact on plant health?
• What is a surface active ingredient that alters the spreading, wetting, or penetrating properties of spray droplets?
• A leaf arrangement with three or more leaves at the same point on a stem is termed ...
• Movement of nutrients or other materials from one part of a plant to another is called ...
• Which organism is a small, often invisible worm that can exist in soil?
• Which term means the process by which plants use light to synthesize carbohydrates?
• The property describing how heavy a substance is per unit volume is called what?
• Which term describes drift of particles, usually spray droplets?
• Attached directly, without a petiole or stalk, is described as what?
• Which plant tissue conducts food throughout the plant?
• Which groups are arthropods?
• Fecal material; waste products from an animal's digestive system?
• Which tissue conducts water in plants and supports the plant, moving fluids from base to tip?
• What is an air space between soil particles called?
• What is defined as any substance used to control or repel a pest or to reduce the harmful effects of a pest?
• In pesticide formulations, which term describes the additive intended to enhance performance or safety?
• Which term describes the process where pesticides adhere to soil particles and organic matter and do not move?
• Which term describes the process of moving nutrients from leaves to other parts of the plant?
• What is the term for an inflorescence with a main axis and subdivided branches?
• What term describes the downward movement of a substance, such as a pesticide, through soil in solution?
• What term describes a chemical used to control weeds, including concepts such as selective vs non-selective?
• Biennial plants complete their life cycle in how many growing seasons?
• Rhizomes are typically described as which type of stem?
• Which term describes measuring the delivery rate and distribution of application equipment and adjusting it so the desired amount of pesticide is applied evenly?
• Which term best describes the area of tissue on a plant that has become diseased, dying, or dead?
• An abnormal condition caused by something interfering with a plant's normal life functions; may be biotic or abiotic.
• In arachnids, the abdomen is the second of two body regions. How many body regions do arachnids have?
• What is the organism that may carry pests to new hosts, such as insects that can move disease from plant to plant?
• What term describes a circular cluster of leaves radiating from the stem at ground level?
• What is the machine that uses a pump to generate the pressure needed to spray liquid pesticides called?
• Which term refers to the immature stage in the life cycle of an insect with complete metamorphosis, where larvae look worm-like and actively feed?
• Which plant category has conducting tissue including xylem and phloem for transport of water and nutrients?
• Having three or more leaves per node is described as ...
• Which term refers to a single-celled, microscopic organism?
• A plant that lives for more than two growing seasons is classified as a
• Desiccation is the process of which?
• What term refers to the internal transport of food, water, herbicides, or other materials within a plant?
• The lower, tubular part of a leaf that wraps around the stem.
• The climate of a specific area that differs from the wider region is called what?
• In sprayer systems, psi stands for what?
• An inflorescence that does not branch and has tiny flowers attached directly to the main stem is called a ...
• Which term describes small droplets produced when an oil-base pesticide is dispensed through a special device that uses heat to vaporize the pesticide?
• Which term denotes the plant tissue that conducts water and also provides structural support?
• Which term is the ratio of the amount of water vapor in air at a specific temperature?
• An abnormal condition, used to identify a plant health problem, is called a ...
• What term refers to all the chemical reactions in a living thing?
• Which group includes spiders, mites, and ticks?
• What is the simple organism that lacks chlorophyll and cannot make its own food?
• Which term describes the flowering section of a plant or shoot?
• Movement of liquid from the application equipment back into the Water source is called what?
• A liquid application method where a liquid is forced through a nozzle under pressure to form droplets is called what?
• Which term best describes a seed head that does not branch and has tiny flowers attached directly to the main stem?
• What is the name of a small, unsegmented roundworm that is often too small to be seen with the naked eye?
• In complete metamorphosis, what is the larva of a moth called?
• Which term describes a substance that evaporates (vaporizes) readily?
• Reduced amount of green pigment resulting in pale-yellow color; common causes include lack of light or minerals. This condition is called:
• An organism may be a pest in one place but not in another. Which term captures this concept?
• Which term describes movement of pesticide in water or other solvent downward through soil or other planting medium?
• What is another name for a backpack sprayer?
• An organism that depends on a living host for nutrients is called a?
• A pesticide that controls nematodes is called a
• Which term describes a turfgrass adapted to warmer climates and thrives when temperatures reach 80–95°F?
• Which concept refers to factors that hamper plant health, including drought and pests?
• Turf health problems caused by living organisms such as fungi, bacteria, insects, and weeds are called?
• The term used to describe the liquid output emitted by spray equipment under pressure is what?
• A grass adapted for cooler climates or the cooler part of the growing season in Virginia, when temperatures range from 60° to 75°F (16 to 24°C) is:
• What are salts that dissolve in water and are found in chemical fertilizers?
• Which activity involves regularly searching for, identifying, and recording pest numbers and the damage they are causing for monitoring?
• What is the lower part of the leaf that encloses the stem?
• A micron is a unit used to measure spray droplets. One micron equals what fraction of a millimeter?
• What term describes chemical inhibition of growth caused by chemicals released into the soil by one plant?
• The process of measuring and adjusting the amount of pesticide a piece of equipment applies to a target is called what?
• Which organism obtains nutrients from another living organism and harms its host?
• What term describes spray applications aimed at a target to avoid contacting desirable plants with herbicide?
• Spiders, scorpions, mites, and ticks are examples of which arthropod group?
• Spiders, mites, and ticks belong to which arthropod group?
• A disease caused by a plant pathogen that invades a plant's vascular tissue and spreads throughout all parts of the plant is a ...
• Which term defines an arthropod with three body parts, typically with one pair of antennae, two pairs of wings, and three pairs of legs on the thorax?
• In gradual metamorphosis, which immature stage is called a nymph?
• A soft-bodied animal with no backbone, typically with a calcium-based shell such as clams, snails, and slugs, is described by which term?
• What is the common name for the larva of a beetle?
• Which of the following is a type of arachnid?
• An animal that hunts and kills other animals for food is called what?
• Which term refers to salts that dissolve in water and are often present in fertilizers?
• Which term is used to describe the general category of substances designed to deter, repel, or kill pests?
• In insects with complete metamorphosis, the larval stage occurs between the egg and the pupal stage.
• The stalk of a leaf is the?
• A pair of jointed appendages on the head used to sense the environment are called?
• Loss of leaves is called what?
• What term is used for an abnormal, unhealthy condition in turf, commonly caused by infectious organisms such as bacteria, fungi, or viruses?
• The practice of brushing the surface of a turf stand with long, limber bamboo poles to remove water from leaves is called?
• The process of assessing the size and distribution of a pest population is called what?
• A single tubular filament of a fungus is called a
• An arthropod with eight legs in the adult stage; spiders, scorpions, mites, and ticks are examples of which group?
• Which term describes the process where pesticides are taken up by a plant or surface?
• Absence of free atmospheric oxygen is called?
• What term encompasses the atmospheric conditions at a location and time, including temperature, pressure, precipitation, and wind?
• Two leaves at the same level on opposite sides of the stem describe which leaf arrangement?
• In ecological terms, which term describes living components?
• Which process uses sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into carbohydrates?
• Which term describes a temperature-specific measure of the amount of moisture in the air?
• What term is defined as the measure of acidity or alkalinity?
• The structure that partially clasps a grass stem at the blade–sheath junction and has species-specific characteristics based on its presence and form.
• If a soil pH is around 7, the soil is considered
• What is the term for insect excrement usually in the form of pellets?
• Infectious material such as disease organisms or spores is called what?
• Which term describes natural forces that can influence pest populations without human action?
• A plant that requires two growing seasons to complete its life cycle is called what?
• Which term describes a disease caused by infectious organisms such as fungi, viruses, or bacteria?
• Which term is used to describe a two-year life cycle in plants?
• Which herbicide is non-selective, killing most or all plant types?
• An organism's progression through developmental stages, with changes in body form and habits, is known as what?
• An organism that obtains its nutrition from dead or decaying organic matter is called what?
• The hindmost or rear body section of an arthropod is called what?
• The area treated by a sprayer or duster in one pass is called what?
• What is the term for the specific area or environment in which an organism normally lives?
• What term describes animals with jointed appendages and an external skeleton?
• The pesticide product label and other materials with directions that pesticide users are legally required to follow are collectively called what?
• Which term describes the process of taking in a substance?
• Which unit is the standard measure of pressure in sprayer systems?
• A general term for any living thing is an
• What term describes a fleshy underground stem that stores food for some plants, such as a potato?
• The condition of coming into contact with a pesticide by ingestion, inhalation, or through the skin is called?
• Carbohydrates are chemical compounds that contain which elements?
• Pertaining to the leaves?
• Plant tissue that transports food is?
• Organisms that control pests by predation, parasitism, or disease are known as what?
• A small arachnid with eight legs in the adult stage, often with a single body region and sometimes plant pests, describes which term?
• What term describes a shoot growing from the base (crown) of a grass plant?
• Which term refers to the long-term weather patterns, including typical temperatures and precipitation, of a region?
• A tip that releases pesticide from application equipment is called what?
• Which layer is found between the green portion of a plant and the soil, consisting of decomposed organic matter?
• A small projection from a fungus that penetrates a host to absorb food is a
• Which herbicide is applied to soil before weed germination?
• Which term describes movement of pesticide in water moving horizontally; across the surface of a treated area?
• The larval stage of some beetles is called a
• The process of a substance binding to surfaces such as soil particles is called?
• What is the term for a chemical added to a pesticide formulation to increase effectiveness or safety?
• A plant that lives more than two years is called a?
• What term means to survive through the winter?
• Which term refers to the progression of a plant disease from initial infection to the end of the disease cycle?
• Injury or damage to a sensitive plant caused by exposure to a chemical is called what?
• Death of tissue is known as what?
• A plant described as chlorotic is experiencing:
• In complete metamorphosis, which stage follows the egg as the active feeding stage?
• What term describes an organism that can make its own food?
• Which term describes the binding of a substance to surfaces such as soil particles or organic matter?
• What term describes any living thing that is undesirable or causes injury?
• Which term means poisonous?
• Mass per unit volume is known as what?
• A plant that lives for one growing season is classified as what?
• The flowering section of a shoot is known as the
• A specific area or environment in which an organism normally lives is called a
• Which word describes tissue that is swollen due to fluid content?
• Which term describes the active, feeding stage of an insect that has complete metamorphosis?
• Mineral nutrients applied to soil to correct a deficiency are referred to as what?
• Which term describes insect development involving four life stages?
• Which term describes plant health problems caused by nonliving factors and includes environmental stress and chemical exposure?
• In gradual metamorphosis, which immature stage resembles the adult?
• An arthropod with three body regions (head, thorax, abdomen), usually with one pair of antennae, two pairs of wings, and three pairs of legs on the thorax is called which?
• Which process do green plants use to convert water and sunlight into food?
• The term for the sense-bearing appendages on the head of some arthropods?
• Which area describes where a leaf blade meets the leaf sheath?
• Which term refers to the process of contact with a pesticide through ingestion, inhalation, or dermal absorption?
• Which group includes soft-bodied animals such as clams, snails, and slugs?
• Which term refers to natural forces such as climate, natural enemies, barriers, and the availability of food, water, and shelter that can affect pest populations?
• Which term describes drift in vapor form. In some cases, volatile pesticides applied in liquid form evaporate back to the air before they have time to be absorbed by treated plants. In other cases, pesticides applied in gaseous form (ex. fumigants) escape and are carried away from the application site.
• Which inflorescence type is described as triangular in outline with branches around the main axis?
• What term is used to describe stages of development?
• In complete metamorphosis, which stage is non-feeding and contained in a protective case?
• Which of the following is NOT among the principal cool-season turfgrass species listed?
• In grasses, the area on the outer side of the leaf where the blade and the sheath join is called the:
• What is the term for regularly identifying and recording pest numbers and damage as part of a monitoring program?
• What is the immature stage of an insect with gradual metamorphosis?
• A plant with one seed leaf is called which group?
• Which term refers to a chemical product used to kill or repel pests?
• Which statement describes animals without backbones?
• The term for the temperature-specific measure of moisture in air, defined as the ratio of water vapor to saturation at that temperature, is what?
• Growing flat upon the ground is called?
• Chlorosis is sometimes called what?
• The waxy coating that covers leaves is called the what?
• Winter annual seeds typically germinate in which season?
• What is the lower, tubular part of a grass leaf that wraps around the stem?
• Which device is commonly used for treating small areas and spot treatments on turf?
• An organism that obtains its food from another living thing and, in doing so, harms that organism is called a
• Degree days are used to quantify heat units and predict development of which organisms?
• What term describes the usual long-term weather conditions in an area?
• A general term for any living thing is which word?
• Which term describes the downward movement of pesticide through soil with water movement?
• What is the term for the small lobe extending from the collar of a grass leaf, which may be long and claw-like or short or absent?
• Which term can also be defined as fullness produced by fluid in plant tissues?
• Which pest management practice involves removing food sources and hiding places that could be used by pests or that would attract pests?
• What term is defined as the substance used to control pests?
• A plant or animal on or in which a pest lives is called what?
• Which term describes pesticide moving away from the release site in the air?
• Which green pigment enables plants to manufacture food (photosynthesis)?
• Which term describes the management approach that uses all appropriate pest control strategies to reduce pest populations to an acceptable level, employing ecological principles?
• To inhabit or overrun in large numbers is to
• What is the structure which partially clasps a grass stem at the junction of the blade and the sheath, whose size, shape and texture help identify species? To see it, peel the leaf away and examine it with a hand lens.
• Which term refers to the pest you want to manage or eliminate?
• What is the term for a pesticide used to control insect pests?
• What term describes the sudden, rapid death of leaves and stems, or an entire plant from a single point of infection?
• Movement of fluids in plants from base to tip occurs through which tissue?
• The central, main vein of a leaf is called what?
• Pest control measures used by humans include which methods?
• A cultivated plant variety produced through selective breeding is called what?
• An application in which the pesticide product is diluted with Water and applied as a liquid spray is known as what?
• A single tubular filament of a fungus is called a
• The process by which pesticide solution accidentally flows back into the water supply is called what?
• What term means a noticeable, abnormal condition that indicates the presence of a pest or stress?
• What is the general term for a pesticide used against fungal pathogens?
• Which term refers to a small arachnid known for being a plant pest and having eight legs as an adult?
• Which penetrant type moves through both xylem and phloem to distribute uniformly throughout the plant?
• Which term describes increased activity resulting from the interaction of two or more active ingredients in a pesticide formulation?
• Which term refers to a gradual loss of condition from good health to poor health?
• Which term describes an observable sign indicating pest activity or environmental stress?
• Which statement about arthropods is not true?
• What is the general term for insect development involving a change in form during the life cycle?
• Degree days are units used to predict the development or life cycle stage of organisms based on what?
• The stages a sick plant goes through from start to finish of an infection?
• A mass of threadlike filaments that form the main growing structure of a fungus is called what?
• Which word describes something capable of causing disease or illness?
• A place on a stem where a leaf is or was attached is called what?
• What term describes the persistent base of a perennial herbaceous grass?
• What is the growth stage between molts in insects?
• A microscopic roundworm that can be a plant parasite is called what?
• A plant that completes its life cycle in a year or less is called?
• What term refers to materials added to soil such as peat moss or perlite to improve nutrition, prevent compaction, or improve drainage?
• Which of the following is included among the principal cool-season turfgrass species?
• Nematodes that attack insects are called what?
• What do you call an organism that causes disease?